It depends on the RFID tag’s chip, the application and type of tag, but typically a tag carries no more than 8 kilobytes of data; enough to store some basic information about the item it is on.
Simple "license plate" tags can only carry a 96-bit or 128-bit long unique identifier. The simple tags are cheaper to manufacture and are more useful for applications where the tag will be disposed of with the product packaging. Other sectors (like the aerospace industry) want to store parts histories on high memory tags, which has led to the introduction of passive UHF tags that can store up to 8KB of data.
Usually, serialized identifiers are stored in a dedicated memory bank called "EPC memory bank". All other additional information about the product is stored in another memory bank called "User memory bank".
These memory banks are defined in the GS1 Gen2V2 air interface protocol and the way data are encoded in these memory banks is defined in the GS1 Tag Data Standard.
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